Luxembourg City Old Quarters and Fortifications

Overview

Luxembourg's old quarters sit on the cliffs where the Alzette and Pétrusse meet, fortified in layers since the 10th century and once called the Gibraltar of the North for its strategic position. The Grand Ducal Palace, Notre-Dame Cathedral and Constitution Square stand above, while tens of kilometres of the Bock Casemates survive underground. The site joined the World Heritage List in 1994.

History

Founded in 963 and ruled in turn by Burgundy, Spain, France and Austria, it was repeatedly strengthened into one of Europe's strongest fortresses before neutrality in 1867 led to the demolition of most above-ground defences.

Highlights

• •The Bock Casemates underground
• •The Grand Ducal Palace and Constitution Square
• •The layered walls above the gorges
• •The upper town and the Grund below

Practical tips

• •The casemates entrance is at Constitution Square and needs a ticket
• •A lift links the upper town and the Grund, saving the climb

Practical information

Best time

May-September

Tickets

The old town is free; the casemates about EUR 8

Opening hours

Old town open all day; casemates 9:45-17:00

Local food

Judd mat Gaardebounen, potato fritters, Moselle white wine

Getting around

Public transport is free nationwide; the old town is a 15-minute walk from the central station.

Visa

A Schengen visa is required; apply about one month in advance.

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